There’s only one correct Interpretation

Interpretation can be a very sticky subject within Christianity.  Lots of people have very strong opinions about what various passages mean…and not everyone agrees on what that is.  A common phrase thrown about is, “Well, that’s YOUR interpretation.”  We often bring our own baggage, theological systems, and assumptions when we try to interpret what God has said.  However, the truth is that there is only one correct interpretation for a particular passage…it isn’t mine, and it isn’t yours…no matter what we may feel a passage says or what we may desire a verse to be about, there’s only one true interpretation: what the original author intended for the original recipients of the text. 

So after we do our observation work – after we use our reporter’s hat and our detective’s hat to observe what is going on in the text – our next step is to use what we have found in the text to determine the original author’s meaning. 

It sounds simple, but can be difficult to do.  Interpreting honestly and clearly will take practice.  However, the best way to approach these next steps is to come in with the mindset that we are students of the Bible and disciples of Jesus…not students of Calvinism and disciples of John MacArthur…not students of Arminianism and disciples of John Wesley…not students of Catholicism and disciples of the Pope.  We want to know God through the pages of the Bible, and Jesus is our best and most-relatable example of who God is and what He is like.

That said, I want to offer you three steps that will help you unlock the biblical text, the three basic principles of Interpretation.  The best part is, you’ve already taken the first step:

Interpretation Step #1: Content

The content of a passage is the raw material you will use to interpret the text.  And because of the work you’ve already put in using your reporter’s hat and your detective’s hat, you have a good amount of observations to work with. 

The first step we take when we begin interpreting the Biblical text is to go back and read over all the observations we’ve written down.  Look at the “first impression” questions you had when you initially reviewed the text…did you find your answer in your reporter/detective work?  If not, that’s ok.  We still have ways to address them – and the next step can definitely help:

Interpretation Step #2: Context

Simply stated, context refers to that which goes before and that which follows after.  Anyone who has had to face the press can appreciate the importance of context.  We’ve all been in situations where part of what we’ve said to one person was overheard and taken out of context by someone else.  When something is taken out of context, an accurate understanding of the comment or situation often goes right out the window.

We can definitely do the same thing with the Word of God.  In fact, every major cult is built on a violation of the principle of context.  A great deal of doctrinal error could be corrected by simply asking, “Would you please read the previous verses or the ones that follow?”.  So whenever you study a verse, a paragraph, a section, even an entire book – always consult the neighbors of that verse, that paragraph, that section, or that book. 

Additionally, we need to recognize that the meaning of a word is also derived from how it is used.  I can use the word run in several different ways: I run marathons.  I run for political office.  My allergies are bad, they make my nose run.  The meaning of run varies on usage.  Same thing happens in the Bible…we cannot assume that every use of “saved”, “lost”, or “hell” is always equal to “saved from eternal damnation”, “unbeliever”, or “the bad place”.  If we are going to interpret honestly, then we can’t read by default or assumption – we must look at how a word is used in the passage by the author.  Different Biblical authors can use the same word to mean different things…we just have to be aware of it.

Keeping our interpretations within the context of the Biblical passage will safeguard against us reading our own assumptions or misunderstandings into a verse. 

Another great tool to help us determine the original author’s meaning is found in the next step:

Interpretation Step #3: Comparison

The Bible is comprised of 66 separate books; however, since God is the ultimate author of them all, we can expect that they all work together to tell who God is, what He is like, and how we can partner with Him now.  As such, we can expect that – when interpreted correctly – the Biblical passages will not contradict one anothr.

Some passages are very easy to understand, others are more challenging.  That’s ok…because a great help is knowing we can use Scripture to interpret Scripture.  This is a great safety net, and the more you compare Scripture with Scripture, the more you begin to see and understand God’s larger picture.  The parts that are difficult become easier to understand as we work with Scripture as a whole.  And when comparing, we always interpret the difficult passages with what we understand from the clear passages – not the other way around.  Don’t take a difficult passage and try to force an unnatural meaning on something that is clear in and of itself.

A good illustration of this is John 3:16-17
For God loved the world in this way: He gave His one and only Son, so the everyone who believes in Him will not perish but have eternal life.  For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through Him.

Jesus is being explicitly clear here with Nicodemus.  Eternal life is a free gift to everyone who believes.  Whatever other use of the word “saved” or “salvation” you find in other passages, if they are discussing eternal life, then that gift is free.  No strings attached.  No behavior change required.  No promise to do better.  The only condition Jesus puts on anyone receiving eternal life from Him is to believe in Him for it. 

So what does this mean if you find a passage that seems to say we must work for our “salvation” or that we must persevere in order to be “saved”?  Based on John 3:16-17, we know those understandings would not be accurate.  I suggest going back to the context of your verse in question…and then determine if the author has really used “saved” to discuss obtaining eternal life, or is he talking about being “saved” from something else?  Whenever you read the word “saved”, stop and ask yourself “Saved from what?”…because about 70% of the time when “saved” is used in the New Testament, it’s not referring us to obtaining eternal life.  Shocker, I know!  But this is where context and comparison are huge steps in our interpretation process.

Now we’ll take our three Interpretation Steps with our passage from Joshua:

Content: Go back and read over your notes.  Remind yourself of everything you’ve learned up to this point.  Do you have any unanswered questions?

Context: Read all 18 verses of Joshua 1.  How does our passage fit in the larger context?  Notice who else is encouraging Joshua to be strong and courageous.  For additional context, you could also read chapters 2-11.  If you do, look specifically for Joshua’s leadership – was he always strong and courageous, did he observe carefully the whole instruction God had given the Israelites?  If he did, then was he successful, like God promised?

Comparison: Beyond reading Joshua 1-11, think about how this passage relates to what we learned in Psalm 1.  List out the similarities you find.  Can you think of any other similar passages?  How well do they match up? (and it’s ok if no others come to mind)

Joshua 1:6-9
“Be strong and courageous, for you will distribute the land I swore to their fathers to give them as an inheritance.  Above all, be strong and very courageous to observe carefully the whole instruction my servant Moses commanded you.  Do not turn from it to the right or the left, so that you will have success wherever you go.

This book of instruction must not depart from your mouth; you are to meditate on it day and night so that you may carefully observe everything written in it.  For then you will prosper and succeed in whatever you do.  Haven’t I commanded you: be strong and courageous?  Do not be afraid or discouraged, for the Lord your God is with you wherever you go.”

Keep Pressing,
Ken

Jesus the evangelist

We’ve learned a lot by looking closely at the parts of Jesus’ conversation with the Samaritan woman at the well.  However, as good Bible students, we now need to step back and look at the whole conversation.  Whenever we zoom into parts of a passage to dig into and digest the details, our best next step is to zoom out and look at the big picture.

So, let’s reflect on Jesus’ encounter with the woman.  He met her where she was, not chastising and not condescending.  Jesus initiated the conversation, but allowed her space to participate.  He was also patient with her incomplete answers, misguided thoughts, and ill-informed religious traditions.  Jesus definitely provides us with a beautiful example of how to go about 1:1 evangelism.

So, how did Jesus evangelize?  What, according to Jesus, is the “salvation message”?

The biggest observation from their discussion is that Jesus directly revealed Himself as the Messiah – He didn’t do that with the Jews.  Over their recent centuries, the Jewish people had been battered around and taken advantage of by the Egyptians, the Greeks, and, most recently, the Romans.  As such, the Jews were expecting a Messiah who would come in and fix everything.  They assumed the first step in doing so would be to start the revolution to liberate Israel.  They were not expecting Jesus to come on the scene like He did, and as such, many in Israel had difficulty accepting Him as Messiah.  This is the reason why Jesus taught in parables and performed miracles among them – they needed to work through His teachings and signs to come to the conclusion that Jesus really was the God-promised Messiah.  The teachings and parables were Jesus’ way of circumventing the Jews’ preconceived expectations.

This Samaritan woman, however, would have had no access to His teaching in the Jewish country, nor would she have been able to witness His miracles.  So Jesus directly introduced Himself.  Look closely at the claims Jesus made in His conversation with her:

He claimed to be the gift of God:
Jesus answered, “If you knew the gift of God, and who is saying to you…” (John 4:10)

He claimed to be the one who quenches thirst:
“But whoever drinks from the water that I will give him will never get thirsty again…” (John 4:14)

He claimed to be the one who gives eternal life:
“In fact, the water I will give him will become a well of water springing up in him for eternal life.” (John 4:14)

He claimed that He is the Messiah:
“I, the one speaking to you, am He” (John 4:26)

But did you notice what Jesus did not say to her? 

She didn’t know of His death on the cross, burial, or resurrection (because those things hadn’t happened yet).  She wasn’t required to confess all her sins, or commit her life to Christ, or repent of her sins.  She didn’t promise to stop living with the guy who wasn’t her husband before Jesus accepted her belief in Him.  Her current sinful lifestyle and previous life choices did not prevent her from believing in Jesus as the Messiah.  There were lots of things, facts, and theological concepts she didn’t know…but that didn’t stop Jesus from giving her eternal life the moment she believed in Him as Messiah/Savior.

Jesus offered the woman eternal life if she believed in Him as the Messiah.  But note – and this is a HUGE observation – Jesus’ offer to her is before the cross happens.  Jesus offered her eternal life right then, knowing that He would eventually remove the sin barrier that keeps all of us from being in relationship with God.  But the woman (and later, the townspeople) knew nothing of the cross and how Jesus’ death on it would declare them legally righteous before God.  The only thing they knew was Jesus – and they believed in Him for eternal life.  Because of their belief in Him, they had it. 

This might feel like we’re treading into controversial waters, but let’s think this through together:

The standard, modern gospel message – that Jesus lived a perfect life, died on the cross as a substitute for our well-deserved sin penalty, and that He rose again on the 3rd day – is good news…but being introduced to these facts will not save us or bring us into God’s family.  This good news should be what persuades us that Jesus is the Messiah and that He has the power/authority to give us eternal life, if we believe in Him for it.  Remember, the Samaritans didn’t know any of what we would consider the “standard gospel message”…and yet, Jesus gave them eternal life. 

Therefore, the reason we are saved is because we believe in Jesus for eternal life.  Knowing facts about Jesus and His life may help convince us, turning from sin may change our path and bring us closer to belief in Him, and there will be new desires and actions to come from our future relationship with Him…but the central, saving message of Jesus is that one drink of His free-gift living water, one act of belief in Him, gives us eternal life.

John 4:14
“But whoever drinks from the water that I will give him will never get thirsty again.  In fact, the water I will give him will become a well of water springing up in him for eternal life.”

Do you believe in Jesus for eternal life?  If so, you have it.  Because Jesus the evangelist said so.

Keep Pressing,
Ken

Love, in context

Love.  Love.  Love.

We are very fascinated by the word, and the implications of what we think it is supposed to do in our lives.  We write songs that say we could live on love instead of money, or food, or air.  However, I would challenge anyone to pay their light bill with “love” and see how well that goes over.  Or better yet, try to sustain your body on “love” and skip your next 10 meals.  Similarly, we already know what would happen if we gave up breathing air and tried to breathe only “love”.

Each of these examples demonstrate the importance of context.  Nothing can be correctly understood outside its proper context – and “love” is no exception.  In fact, nowadays, we use “love” to mean such a wide variety of things, that our intended meaning can be easily misunderstood:

“I love chocolate.”
“I love your hair.”
“I love my wife.”
“I love politics.” (sarcasm there)

So clearly, “love” is only understood within the proper context.  As you read Paul explain his desire to have all believers reach full maturity, look for love’s context in the life of a believer:

Colossians 2:2-3
I want their hearts to be encouraged and joined together in love, so that they may have all the riches of assured understanding, and have the knowledge of God’s mystery – Christ.  In Him all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden.

When we in God’s family are encouraged and joined together in love, these actions and relationship characteristics are the riches of our assured understanding.  Growing in our own relationship with Jesus means that we grow in our understanding of who He is and what He means to us.  As this maturity happens, our actions will take on the love that He demonstrated.  The outpouring, or riches, of our understanding is found in the love we give to other believers.

And just to be clear…what is our understanding?  The Greek word used here carries the idea of a running or flowing together – much like the visual of two rivers flowing together.  What Paul is trying to convey is our assured understanding comes from our thoughts and choices merging with God’s flow and direction.

Paul’s words for the Colossians are also an echo of what Jesus told His own disciples:

John 13:35
By this all people will know that you are My disciples, if you have love for one another.

In its proper context of our knowledge of Christ and our relationship with God, love brings forth an unmistakable richness in believers that is so unique that it is recognized by everyone.

Let’s make sure our understanding and knowledge are grounded in Christ, so we can keep the most important love of all in its proper context.

Keep Pressing,
Ken